Monday, February 9, 2015

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2015

QUOTE:
"Loving a child doesn't mean giving in to all his whims; 
  to love him is to bring out the best in him,
  to teach him to love what is difficult."
AUTHOR: Nadia Boulanger
MEANING OF THE QUOTE:
"The greatest gift of love you can give a child is to teach him/her
  how to love the challenge of achieving personal goals."










 COMPOSER
HAYDN
SURPRISE
SYMPHONY NO. 94
in G MAJOR HOB I:94
"SURPRISE" (1791)
Complete
Leonard Bernstein, Conductor
Wiener Philarmoniker
4. Finale: Allegro molto
Surprise 4th Movement: Main Theme

The "Surprise" Symphony was one of six
Haydn composed for his immensely successful
residency while in London from 1791-1792
London during Haydn's Time
Haydn said that the effect was meant
"to surprise the public with something new,
and to make a debut in a brilliant manner"
In Haydn’s old age, George August Griesinger, his
biographer, asked whether he wrote this "surprise"
to awaken the audience. Haydn replied:
No, but I was interested in surprising the public with
something new, and in making a brilliant debut, so
that my student Pleyel, who was at that time engaged
by an orchestra in London (in 1792) and whose
concerts had opened a week before mine, should not
outdo me. The first Allegro of my symphony had
already met with countless Bravos, but the enthusiasm
reached its highest peak at the Andante with the
Drum Stroke. Encore! Encore! sounded in every throat,
and Pleyel himself complimented me on my idea.
The Morning Herald reported that
"critical applause was fervid and
abundant" at the Symphony’s premiere
The Room was crowded last night…. A new
composition from such a man as HAYDN is a 
great event in the history of music. His novelty of
last night was a grand Overture, the subject of
which was remarkably simple, but extended to vast
complication, exquisitly [sic] modulated and striking
in effect. Critical applause was fervid and abundant.

SYMPHONY NO. 94
in G MAJOR HOB I:94
"SURPRISE" (1791)
Movement 1
Adagio, Vivace assai
Barry Wordsworth, Conductor
Capella Istropolitana

https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-ts=14225
79428&x-yt-cl=85114404&v=0gF-Wzp8Ni8
"SURPRISE" (1791)
Movement 2
Andante
Barry Wordsworth, Conductor
Capella Istropolitana

https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-ts=14225
79428&x-yt-cl=85114404&v=Uq78fAgTevs

THE FOLLOWING SONG MAY ALSO HELP
WITH REMEMBERING THE TUNE
Haydn's Great Surprise
from "Beethoven's Wig"
by Richard Perlmutter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVpEDY40Hu0
Listen very carefully

To this noted symphony

Maybe you will recognize

Haydn’s Great Surprise


Though it’s slow make no mistake

This piece will keep you awake

With a trick that typifies

Haydn’s Great Surprise


Did that outburst startle you?

Well that’s what it was meant to do

Don’t forget its name implies

Haydn’s Symphony’s the Great Surprise


Oh there’s that burst again

You will hear it now and then

Every time that we reprise

Haydn’s great Surprise


And if you think you’re smart

Try to learn this piece by heart

See if you can memorize

Haydn’s Great Surprise


Just be careful goodness knows

While listening stay on your toes

Heed this warning to the wise

Haydn’s Symphony’s the Great Surprise

Haydn Surprise Symphony, Second Movement
http://gardenofpraise.com/key21bj.htm
http://gardenofpraise.com/images/surprise.pdf

SYMPHONY NO. 94
in G MAJOR HOB I:94
"SURPRISE" (1791)
Movement 3
Menuetto: Allegro molto
Barry Wordsworth, Conductor
Capella Istropolitana
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrZkH22V6
D0&x-yt-ts=1422579428&x-yt-cl=85114404
SYMPHONY NO. 94
in G MAJOR HOB I:94
"SURPRISE" (1791)
Movement 4
Finale: Allegro molto
Barry Wordsworth, Conductor
Capella Istropolitana
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtNqCI1Elx
0&x-yt-ts=1422579428&x-yt-cl=85114404
Haydn No. 94:
Still Surprising
After Hundreds of Years
http://voices.yahoo.com/haydn-no-94-still-surprising-after-hundreds-years-31293.html
Joseph Haydn's No. 94
Surprise Symphony
Joshua Taylor,
Yahoo! Contributor Network
Joseph Haydn composed Symphony no. 94
for the first of his two visits to London. The
symphony in G major was first performed on
March 23, 1792 and has gained the nickname
of being called The Surprise symphony. This
nickname is appropriately given because of the
double-forte outburst followed by a loud hit of the
drum that appears in the second and fourth movements.
Klassischewienerpauken - Classical Viennese Timpani Image
Classical Viennese Timpani
Starting the movement (second movement) with
strings relaxing the audience for the opening
four measures, the "burst" occurs at the
beginning of the fifth measure.

LISTENING MAP

http://www.makingmusicfun.net/pdf/worksheets
/surprise-symphony-listening-map.pdf

It is rumored that Haydn wrote this part in
order to wake the ladies and gentlemen of the
crowd who may have fallen asleep during the
first movement, but other scholars simply say
that it was to be competitive with his former
pupil Ignaz Pleyel
who was writing such clever devices into his
own works. Whatever the case, Symphony No.
94 is widely popular because of the "Surprise"
heard in the second movement.
Introducing Haydn
Symphony No. 94 Surprise

The form of this movement is
homophonic with an orchestra
of oboes (2), flutes (2), horns (2), trumpets (2),
bassoons (2), with timpani and strings (no clarinets).

Typical Set-Up of a Classical Era
(18th Century) Orchestra
Haydn was one of the first composers to add clarinets in some of
 his later symphonies but they were not used in the "Surprise."
For the Andante, Haydn wanted to write
variations on a universally well known tune.
Written in 2/4 time, "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star"
http://historyspaces.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-are-wolfgang-amadeus-mozart-miss.html
Mozart had already written a set of keyboard variations on this tune identified
 by its French title,"Ah, vous dirai-je, Maman."  In more modern times the Hungarian composer
Ernst von Dohnányi used the same tune as the basis for his extended
"Variations on a Nursery Song," for piano and orchestra
is the tune that is very noticeable throughout
the piece in its many different contours.

The movement opens with two eight-bar
sections of this tune that are repeated.
The main theme (A)
Violins and bass play the beginning section,
preceding the surprise heard at the end of the repeat
section. The opening features pianissimo plucking
of the violin strings in major key. The theme
is then presented in four different variations.
First it enters as a shortened theme
Main theme in violins with addition of timpani (opening beat),
 woodwinds, and adistinctive countermelody added above the main theme.
softly followed by a variation in minor key.
This variation is played by trumpets and timpani
The second variation (A2)
A heard fortissimo, in C minor (later shifts to major).
A repeated
Development of A, with fast passages in strings, remains in minor.
Solo violins lead into Variation 3
[There is an inversion of a short part of the
 theme (marked in brackets) in the second phrase.]

The third variation (A3)
A in fast rhythm, heard in oboes
A repeated in violins, with woodwinds countermelody; low strings drop out.
B continues with violins and woodwinds alone.
B repeated.[The underlying structure of the theme, however, may be
 seen in the illustration in brackets (not actually played).]
The middle section finishes with a forte repeat of
the theme, with the coda section repeating and re
harmonizing the opening notes once more. It is
in this last section where the first violin plays the
elaborate theme while the rest of the orchestra
plays the melody or the accompanying motive.
Variation 4 (A4)
Variation 4 (A4)
The theme is in a rhythmically varied form.

There are many abrupt transitions between the
loud and soft parts of the andante, as well as a
development of the theme moving through
various keys and evolutions starting around
two minutes into the piece.

 This build up of the principle melody provides a
transitional section amongst the many different theme
variations. As part of Haydn's London success,
Symphony no. 94 is marvelous to listen to. Widely
known and named for its famous second movement,
the andante is clever and interesting as well as being
a bit frightful to the unexpected listener. Keeping his
music new and cunning, Haydn wrote a piece of music
that is still enjoyable over two hundred years later.
March 20, 1959 - Haydn's "Surprise" Symphony
LINKS

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